Full name: People´s Republic of China Capital: Beijing Official Languages: Chinese,Mandarin, Korean and Japanese. Demonym: Chinese Government: Comunist State
China is currently the most populated and one of the biggest country in the world with around 1,401,000 million inhabitants and a density of 145 people per square kilometer. His area is about 9,597,000 square kilometres!.
Comparing with any country China is most populated.
2.1. Birth rate. Reasons and causes
China has a very low fertility rate around 0.74 per thousand.One of the main causes is the one-child policy which order that you can only have one child. Other reasons are the contamination of the country (lack of segurity and healthcare) , economic affluences like the education. Also gender discrimination affects China as in their culture most people take seriously the first pregnancy, whether it is a boy or a girl.
2.1.1. One child´s policy
They are no penalties for twins although is increasing the number of medicines to prevent twins. This problem affect some cases such as the adoption or some social problems and the low birth rate. Although it has many problems , China improved in medicine as people have to make sure that they dont have a second child
2.2.Mortality rate. Reasons and causes.
China has a high mortality rate 7.15 per thousand. This also affect to infancy as many women abort if the child is not a boy. One of the main reasons is the China´s pollution as produce many illnesses (stadistics say that most of the people in China died because of lung cancer). One of the problem is the huge population as Chinese people cannot be pay with a high income due to the huge workers so people cannot pay healthcare and economic situations (a house).
2.3.Natural Growth. Reasons and Causes.
China has a natural growth of 5.12 per thousand. This is so low because of the high mortality rate and the low birth rate. This led to a disorganization of the population. Also affects economic problems as they are no much people to pay taxes (that are needed because of its hughe size) to have public services. But also in my point of view is good as the populetion is China can be in balanced if nothing change.
2.4.Migrations.
China experiences the most extensive internal migration today. Internal migration in China is characterized by two important features: first, most migrants leave their farmlands for urban areas and/or for non-agricultural activities; second, such labour flows are basically directed from the interior to coastal areas, and/or from central and western regions to eastern areas. These two features overlap, and are closely interrelated with the macro socio-economic structure.
Immigrants in China are about 848,511 immigrants.Most came from US and Canada to study Chinese. Also from many countries in south Asia and South America for a better economy situation and studies in technology and marketing. Emigrants in China are about 163.36 million Emigrants. To Canada or landscapes countries to breath good air (to prevent pollution). Some of them go to the US for a better economy as there is a huge population a lot of people don’t have work. The institution in charge in China`s migration is the Asia Pacific Migration Research Network (APMRN ):is on the long-term role of migration and increased ethno-cultural diversity as major factors in the social transformation of the societies of the Asia-Pacific region.
2.4.1.Problems
became one of the most serious problems in urban China, for the infrastructure in most cities is very poor
due to the movement of young, educated mainly male rural labourers, the sustainable development of agriculture and social development in rural society remains problematic.
social problems included a great shortage of housing, hospitals, hotels, power, water, gas, transport, etc.
the rural migrants have to be temporaryand therefore have no sense of duties and responsibility to take care of the urban surroundings, because they are not legal residents due to the lack of urban Hukou.
China is a communist state which belong to the non-democratic government. The head of the state is the president or prime minister, in this case,Xi Jinping. China is divided into 5 branches:
Political (communist party),
Executive (State council, the premier of China Li Keqiand is responsible for control the government),
Legislative (Senate and House of representatives)
Judicial (Supreme People´s Court)
Military(Central military Commission, People´s army police)
Xi Jinping
3.1.Political Parties
Communist party(CCP)- government polices
China Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang: favors of unification of the motherland. To strive the unification and rejuvenation of China. To overthrow the dictatorial rule of the Kuomintang and realize independence, democracy and peace in China.
China Democratic League:hold high the banner of patriotism and socialism, implement the basic line for the primary stage of socialism, safeguard stability in the society, strengthen services to national unity and strive for the promotion of socialist modernization, establishment and improvement of a market economy, enhancement of political restructuring and socialist spiritual civilization, emancipation and development of productive forces, consolidation and expansion of the united patriotic front and realization of the grand goals of socialism with Chinese characteristics
China Democratic National Construction Association: to guarantee the basic political rights and human rights of citizens, protect and develop national industry and commerce and oppose the dictatorial rule of the Kuomintang.
China Association for the Promotion of Democracy: to return the political power to the people, the establishment of a united and constitutional government
Chinese Peasants` and Workers` Democratic Party: to oppose the dictatorial rule of the Kuomintang and establish the power of the people
China Zhi Gong Dang: to assist the CPC and the Chinese government, consolidate and develop political stability, safeguard the rights and interests of party members and associated returned overseas Chinese and their relatives, reflect their opinions and demands and practice democratic centralism.
Jiusan Society: to carry on the tradition of democracy and science, oppose the civil war and practice democratic politics.
Taiwan Democratic Self- government League:uniting with league members and Taiwan compatriots and striving for the acceleration of reform, opening up and socialist modernization drive, safeguarding stability and unity, improvement of socialist democracy and legal system and the realization of the peaceful unification of the motherland and "one country, two systems"
3.2.Colony
This is a video of the colonies of China principally the Quin Dinasty
How China became independence?
They gain its independence the 1 October 1949. On October 1, 1949, Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong declared the creation of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The announcement ended the costly full-scale civil war between the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Nationalist Party, or Kuomintang (KMT), which broke out immediately following World War II and had been preceded by on and off conflict between the two sides since the 1920’s.
4.Geography
China is located in Southeast Asia along the coastline of the Pacific Ocean on the 35 00 N, 105 00 E of the world. China is bordered by 14 countries: Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Burma, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Russia. Marine-side neighbors include eight countries -- North Korea, Korea, Japan, Philippines, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam.
4.1.Landscape
China have many areas of rivers and lakes (These provide China with precious resources such as aquatic products, petroleum, natural gas, mines and renewable resources including tide power.)They have also many mountainous areas which they hide rich treasures including botanic, zoologic, and mineral resources. But in other part for centuries China has struggled with earthquakes, droughts, floods, typhoons, tsunamis and sandstorms. Only about 15 percent of it is arable, as most of the country is made of mountains, hills and highlands.
Mountains of Yandangshan
Jiuzhaigou Valley
4.2.Climate
China has a variety of temperature and rainfall zones, including continental monsoon areas. In winter most areas become cold and dry, in summer hot and rainy. Air pollution is now is China the worst problem(country with more contaminate air in the world)this happened because of industrial resources, electronic waste, soil pollution and water resources. This led to very healthy serious problems as people intoxicate and most died.
5.Economy
5.1.Employment/Unemployment in China
People work more in industry (72,8%) as in industries a lot of people is needed to work and China has a huge population.The unemployment rate in China is 4,05%. Sectors Contribution:
Agriculture: 9,2%
Industry: 47,9%
Services: 46,1
5.2.Energy
China is in the ranking 1 of energy production.
Petroleum:China is the world's second-largest consumer of oil and moved from second-largest net importer of oil to the largest in 2014.According to the Oil & Gas Journal (OGJ), released in January 2015, China holds 24.6 billion barrels of proved oil reserves. China's total petroleum and other production, the fourth-largest in the world, have risen about 50% over the past two decades and serves only its domestic market. China consumed an estimated 10.7 million bbl. /d (barrels) of oil in 2014, up 370,000 bbl. /d, or almost 4%, from 2013.Gasoline, the second-largest consumed petroleum fuel in China with an estimated 23% share in 2014, is still experiencing robust demand growth as a result of high light-duty car sales
Natural Gas:China held 164 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of proved natural gas reserves.China held 164 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of proved natural gas reserves China contains several natural gas-producing regions, including the western and central parts of the country as well as offshore basins. While eager to develop older natural gas fields, China continues to invest in natural gas pipeline infrastructure to link production areas in the western and northern regions of the country with demand centers along the coast and to accommodate greater imports from Central Asia and Southeast Asia. Import regasification capacity was 1.9 Tcf/y (5.2 Bcf/d) by the end of 2014, and another 4.4 Bcf/d is expected to be constructed by 2017.
Coal:China is the largest producer and consumer of coal in the world and accounts for about half of the world's coal consumption. According to the World Energy Council, China held an estimated 126 billion short tons of proved recoverable coal reserves in 2011, the third-largest in the world behind the United States and Russia, and equivalent to about 13% of the world's total coal reserves .Coal production rose 9% in 2013 from 2012 to nearly 4.4 billion short tons. Chinese government data indicate that Chinese production and consumption declined by nearly 3% in 2014, the first decline in the coal industry in 14 years. Coal comprised nearly 66% of China's total energy consumption in 2012. In 2013, China consumed an estimated 4.0 billion short tons of coal, representing about half of the world total. Total imports rose to 360 million short tons in 2013, about 14% higher than 2012 levels. Indonesia and Australia are the largest coal exporters to China, supplying 65% of China's imports in 2013.
Electricity:China became the world's largest power generator in 2011. Annual growth in electricity generation was a decade-low 4% in 2014, Although nuclear generation is a small portion of the country's total power generation portfolio, China is actively promoting nuclear power as a clean, efficient, and reliable source of electricity generation. China generated 106 TWh of nuclear power in 2013, making up only 2% of total net generation.
6.Domestic Policy
The main issues about domestic policy:
Air Pollution
Healthcare
Corruption
Unemployment
Water Pollution
Gap between rich and poor
Quality of manufactured goods
6.1.Taxes
Corporate income tax: the income tax rate for both domestic and foreign enterprises is now 25%. Withholding tax: The withholding tax is a tax levied on China-derived income that non-resident enterprises make by providing services to companies based in China. Taxes will be deducted at the source from your gross invoice amount. The Chinese companies who you deal with and who remit the fund to your overseas bank account have the responsibility to withhold the amounts and pass to the tax bureaus. The withholding income tax rate for non-tax resident companies is 10%.
Value added tax(VAT): VAT applies to all enterprises and individuals engaged in the sales of tangible goods, provisions of processing, repairs and replacement services, and import of goods in China. The VAT rate is generally 17% or 13% for some goods. For small-scale taxpayers the VAT rate is 3%.
Business tax: Business tax is a tax applied to all enterprises and individuals engaged in providing taxable services, transferring intangible assets or selling immovable properties in China.
Paracel Islands administered and occupied by the People's Republic, but claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam
The Republic of China on Taiwan officially claims to be the legitimate government of "China", with the de jure administration of the whole mainland China and Outer Mongolia, controlled by the People's Republic of China and Mongolia. Meanwhile, the PRC claims the de jure administration of Taiwan Province, as well as mainland-nearby islands of Kinmen and Mantsu Islands, currently controlled by the ROC.
China, as well as Taiwan, claims the administration of Senkaku Islands (Diaoyutai), currently held by Japan.
7.1.Conflicts
Border dispute with India; India claims control of Aksai Chin , which China seized during the Sino-Indian War of 1962, while China claims most of the Indian state of Arunachan Pradesh
The red of the Chinese flag symbolizes the communist revolution, and it's also the traditional color of the people. The large gold star represents communism, while the four smaller stars represent the social classes of the people. In addition, the five stars together reflect the importance placed on the number five in Chinese thought and history.
Table of Contents
MY COUNTRY FACTS: ABOUT CHINA
1.Main characteristics
Full name: People´s Republic of China
Capital: Beijing
Official Languages: Chinese,Mandarin, Korean and Japanese.
Demonym: Chinese
Government: Comunist State
- President: Xi Jinping
Population:1,400,000 million inhabitantsArea: 9,596,951 square kilometres
Currency: yuan
2.People and Population
China is currently the most populated and one of the biggest country in the world with around 1,401,000 million inhabitants and a density of 145 people per square kilometer. His area is about 9,597,000 square kilometres!.
2.1. Birth rate. Reasons and causes
China has a very low fertility rate around 0.74 per thousand.One of the main causes is the one-child policy which order that you can only have one child. Other reasons are the contamination of the country (lack of segurity and healthcare) , economic affluences like the education. Also gender discrimination affects China as in their culture most people take seriously the first pregnancy, whether it is a boy or a girl.
2.1.1. One child´s policy
They are no penalties for twins although is increasing the number of medicines to prevent twins. This problem affect some cases such as the adoption or some social problems and the low birth rate. Although it has many problems , China improved in medicine as people have to make sure that they dont have a second child
2.2.Mortality rate. Reasons and causes.
China has a high mortality rate 7.15 per thousand. This also affect to infancy as many women abort if the child is not a boy. One of the main reasons is the China´s pollution as produce many illnesses (stadistics say that most of the people in China died because of lung cancer). One of the problem is the huge population as Chinese people cannot be pay with a high income due to the huge workers so people cannot pay healthcare and economic situations (a house).
2.3.Natural Growth. Reasons and Causes.
China has a natural growth of 5.12 per thousand. This is so low because of the high mortality rate and the low birth rate. This led to a disorganization of the population. Also affects economic problems as they are no much people to pay taxes (that are needed because of its hughe size) to have public services. But also in my point of view is good as the populetion is China can be in balanced if nothing change.
2.4.Migrations.
China experiences the most extensive internal migration today. Internal migration in China is characterized by two important features: first, most migrants leave their farmlands for urban areas and/or for non-agricultural activities; second, such labour flows are basically directed from the interior to coastal areas, and/or from central and western regions to eastern areas. These two features overlap, and are closely interrelated with the macro socio-economic structure.
Immigrants in China are about 848,511 immigrants .Most came from US and Canada to study Chinese. Also from many countries in south Asia and South America for a better economy situation and studies in technology and marketing.
Emigrants in China are about 163.36 million Emigrants. To Canada or landscapes countries to breath good air (to prevent pollution). Some of them go to the US for a better economy as there is a huge population a lot of people don’t have work.
The institution in charge in China`s migration is the Asia Pacific Migration Research Network (APMRN ):is on the long-term role of migration and increased ethno-cultural diversity as major factors in the social transformation of the societies of the Asia-Pacific region.
2.4.1.Problems
- became one of the most serious problems in urban China, for the infrastructure in most cities is very poor
- due to the movement of young, educated mainly male rural labourers, the sustainable development of agriculture and social development in rural society remains problematic.
- social problems included a great shortage of housing, hospitals, hotels, power, water, gas, transport, etc.
- the rural migrants have to be temporaryand therefore have no sense of duties and responsibility to take care of the urban surroundings, because they are not legal residents due to the lack of urban Hukou.
Legislation of the country connected to migrations:http://ilo.int/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/---ilo-beijing/documents/publication/wcms_158634.pdf
3.Government
China is a communist state which belong to the non-democratic government. The head of the state is the president or prime minister, in this case,Xi Jinping. China is divided into 5 branches:
3.1.Political Parties
Communist party(CCP)- government polices
China Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang: favors of unification of the motherland. To strive the unification and rejuvenation of China. To overthrow the dictatorial rule of the Kuomintang and realize independence, democracy and peace in China.
China Democratic League:hold high the banner of patriotism and socialism, implement the basic line for the primary stage of socialism, safeguard stability in the society, strengthen services to national unity and strive for the promotion of socialist modernization, establishment and improvement of a market economy, enhancement of political restructuring and socialist spiritual civilization, emancipation and development of productive forces, consolidation and expansion of the united patriotic front and realization of the grand goals of socialism with Chinese characteristics
China Democratic National Construction Association: to guarantee the basic political rights and human rights of citizens, protect and develop national industry and commerce and oppose the dictatorial rule of the Kuomintang.
China Association for the Promotion of Democracy: to return the political power to the people, the establishment of a united and constitutional government
Chinese Peasants` and Workers` Democratic Party: to oppose the dictatorial rule of the Kuomintang and establish the power of the people
China Zhi Gong Dang: to assist the CPC and the Chinese government, consolidate and develop political stability, safeguard the rights and interests of party members and associated returned overseas Chinese and their relatives, reflect their opinions and demands and practice democratic centralism.
Jiusan Society: to carry on the tradition of democracy and science, oppose the civil war and practice democratic politics.
Taiwan Democratic Self- government League:uniting with league members and Taiwan compatriots and striving for the acceleration of reform, opening up and socialist modernization drive, safeguarding stability and unity, improvement of socialist democracy and legal system and the realization of the peaceful unification of the motherland and "one country, two systems"
3.2.Colony
This is a video of the colonies of China principally the Quin Dinasty
How China became independence?
They gain its independence the 1 October 1949. On October 1, 1949, Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong declared the creation of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The announcement ended the costly full-scale civil war between the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Nationalist Party, or Kuomintang (KMT), which broke out immediately following World War II and had been preceded by on and off conflict between the two sides since the 1920’s.
4.Geography
China is located in Southeast Asia along the coastline of the Pacific Ocean on the 35 00 N, 105 00 E of the world.
China is bordered by 14 countries: Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Burma, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Russia. Marine-side neighbors include eight countries -- North Korea, Korea, Japan, Philippines, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam.
4.1.Landscape
China have many areas of rivers and lakes (These provide China with precious resources such as aquatic products, petroleum, natural gas, mines and renewable resources including tide power.)They have also many mountainous areas which they hide rich treasures including botanic, zoologic, and mineral resources. But in other part for centuries China has struggled with earthquakes, droughts, floods, typhoons, tsunamis and sandstorms. Only about 15 percent of it is arable, as most of the country is made of mountains, hills and highlands.
4.2.Climate
China has a variety of temperature and rainfall zones, including continental monsoon areas. In winter most areas become cold and dry, in summer hot and rainy. Air pollution is now is China the worst problem(country with more contaminate air in the world)this happened because of industrial resources, electronic waste, soil pollution and water resources. This led to very healthy serious problems as people intoxicate and most died.5.Economy
5.1.Employment/Unemployment in China
People work more in industry (72,8%) as in industries a lot of people is needed to work and China has a huge population.The unemployment rate in China is 4,05%.
Sectors Contribution:
5.2.Energy
China is in the ranking 1 of energy production.
Petroleum:China is the world's second-largest consumer of oil and moved from second-largest net importer of oil to the largest in 2014.According to the Oil & Gas Journal (OGJ), released in January 2015, China holds 24.6 billion barrels of proved oil reserves. China's total petroleum and other production, the fourth-largest in the world, have risen about 50% over the past two decades and serves only its domestic market. China consumed an estimated 10.7 million bbl. /d (barrels) of oil in 2014, up 370,000 bbl. /d, or almost 4%, from 2013.Gasoline, the second-largest consumed petroleum fuel in China with an estimated 23% share in 2014, is still experiencing robust demand growth as a result of high light-duty car sales
Natural Gas:China held 164 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of proved natural gas reserves.China held 164 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of proved natural gas reserves China contains several natural gas-producing regions, including the western and central parts of the country as well as offshore basins. While eager to develop older natural gas fields, China continues to invest in natural gas pipeline infrastructure to link production areas in the western and northern regions of the country with demand centers along the coast and to accommodate greater imports from Central Asia and Southeast Asia. Import regasification capacity was 1.9 Tcf/y (5.2 Bcf/d) by the end of 2014, and another 4.4 Bcf/d is expected to be constructed by 2017.
Coal:China is the largest producer and consumer of coal in the world and accounts for about half of the world's coal consumption. According to the World Energy Council, China held an estimated 126 billion short tons of proved recoverable coal reserves in 2011, the third-largest in the world behind the United States and Russia, and equivalent to about 13% of the world's total coal reserves .Coal production rose 9% in 2013 from 2012 to nearly 4.4 billion short tons. Chinese government data indicate that Chinese production and consumption declined by nearly 3% in 2014, the first decline in the coal industry in 14 years. Coal comprised nearly 66% of China's total energy consumption in 2012. In 2013, China consumed an estimated 4.0 billion short tons of coal, representing about half of the world total. Total imports rose to 360 million short tons in 2013, about 14% higher than 2012 levels. Indonesia and Australia are the largest coal exporters to China, supplying 65% of China's imports in 2013.
Electricity:China became the world's largest power generator in 2011. Annual growth in electricity generation was a decade-low 4% in 2014, Although nuclear generation is a small portion of the country's total power generation portfolio, China is actively promoting nuclear power as a clean, efficient, and reliable source of electricity generation. China generated 106 TWh of nuclear power in 2013, making up only 2% of total net generation.
6.Domestic Policy
The main issues about domestic policy:6.1.Taxes
Corporate income tax: the income tax rate for both domestic and foreign enterprises is now 25%.
Withholding tax: The withholding tax is a tax levied on China-derived income that non-resident enterprises make by providing services to companies based in China. Taxes will be deducted at the source from your gross invoice amount. The Chinese companies who you deal with and who remit the fund to your overseas bank account have the responsibility to withhold the amounts and pass to the tax bureaus. The withholding income tax rate for non-tax resident companies is 10%.
Value added tax(VAT): VAT applies to all enterprises and individuals engaged in the sales of tangible goods, provisions of processing, repairs and replacement services, and import of goods in China. The VAT rate is generally 17% or 13% for some goods. For small-scale taxpayers the VAT rate is 3%.
Business tax: Business tax is a tax applied to all enterprises and individuals engaged in providing taxable services, transferring intangible assets or selling immovable properties in China.
Tax contribution:
6.2.Policies
Healthcare:
http://csis.org/files/publication/111202_Freeman_ImplementingChinaHealthReform_Web.pdf
Education: http://www.china.org.cn/english/education/184669.htm
7.Foreign Policy
Current issues:
7.1.Conflicts
8.Flag
The red of the Chinese flag symbolizes the communist revolution, and it's also the traditional color of the people. The large gold star represents communism, while the four smaller stars represent the social classes of the people. In addition, the five stars together reflect the importance placed on the number five in Chinese thought and history.